What we are seeing

Published: 21 September 2009

Contents:

What it looks like when it's going well | A connected curriculum | We need to do something for kids |
Ka Hikitia | Three key messages | What does ongoing implementation look like? | Helpful resources

What it looks like when it's going well...

This update illustrates what we are seeing in schools when they are successfully implementing The New Zealand Curriculum. It is one of a number of resources being provided by the Ministry of Education to support English-medium schools with implementation. Further Updates will continue to be published in the Education Gazette.

'We can be flexible in how and what to teach our children. We can make learning more meaningful, can apply it to our country school, and ... phase things in, in our own way.'

Primary teacher

Schools that have been working effectively with The New Zealand Curriculum for some time have shown there's no one starting point for exploring the document and developing their own curriculum. Their experience also shows that:

• It's important just to start. Learning about one part of the curriculum invariably leads to thinking about the other parts.
• It helps if you build on what's already happening in the school, for example, professional learning about ICT or assessment.
• Teachers need time to explore and reach a shared understanding of the curriculum.
• Strategic leadership is vital
• The curriculum is as much about the 'how' and 'why' of learning as it is about content.
• Change is complex - you won't necessarily find what works best right away.
• It helps to embed small changes and then build on them.
• It's important to think whether school structures are supporting change or are getting in the way.

'That's what we think is exciting about new curriculum ... it's about unpacking how things happen and why things are. And that takes time. So you're not going to have the surface content coverage, but I think you're going to have more successful people in society as a result of this curriculum.'

Secondary principal

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A connected curriculum

Much of the content in this issue is drawn from the Curriculum Implementation Exploratory Studies (CIES) research summaries. CIES involves case-study research into a variety of 'early adopter' and other schools. The schools include a variety of deciles and ethnic make ups. (Under the terms of the research projects, names of teachers and schools cannot be published.)

Many starting points

'We wanted to ensure that the whole school (community, staff, children) had a shared understanding of the meaning of the key competencies - for example, relating to others - in or out of school. When we clicked on to how powerful this understanding was, we realised it was worth taking our time on the key competencies.'

Primary principal

'What we do in our classroom hasn't changed, but perhaps how we do it has... I would never have used words like key competencies, learning intentions, and success criteria with my students before, but now I do ... in maths and how to read and write ...'

Primary teacher (years 1-2)

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'The new curriculum will open education up from the industrial age through to the information age and not put things in boxes. Students need to be adaptable to work across society. The curriculum is not solely about subject... its focus is on skills across subjects and how they work together.'

Secondary teacher

'We need to do something for kids...'

'I would have said our core business was learning. I now see the importance of 'deep support' to enable the learning to happen. What happens to the 10 to 20 percent of students at any level who don't achieve or underachieve is an ethical consideration ... I tried to keep my ear to the ground, tried not to move too fast. It is a process, and I have learned not to beat myself up when things need to be slowed down or adjusted. That is the nature of it - the uncertainty ... I didn't have a concrete plan of what it would look like, but we need to do something for kids. Not doing anything is no longer an option.'

Secondary principal

Teaching as Inquiry (NZC p35) puts the spotlight on inquiring into the impact of teaching and then fine-tuning teaching approaches so that all students can 'achieve personal excellence, regardless of their individual circumstances' (p9).

Māori students and their communities are often an untapped resource for schools. Implementing the national curriculum is an opportunity for schools to reconsider how they consult with and include Māori students and their communities in decision making. Evidence shows that schools that have stronger, respectful relationships with whānau and iwi achieve better outcomes for their Māori students.

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Schools will find it beneficial to curriculum implementation to consult Ka Hikitia- Managing for Success. The following text is drawn from a speech made by secretary for Education Karen Sewell to a recent education conference.

Our system does work well for many, but not for all.

Ka Hikitia is the Ministry's strategy for improving system performance for Māori. It encompasses the whole education journey from early childhood through to tertiary.

'Ka Hikitia' means to 'step up', 'lift up' or 'lengthen one's stride'. It means we have to do better. Our system is not successful if some of our young people are not engaged and successful.

Ka Hikitia aims to ensure that Māori enjoy education success as Māori. It clearly states that recognition of language, culture, and identity is the key.

So what are the actions we need? As a minimum, we want to see performance goals related to raising Māori achievement, much better use of data and evidence, a focus on teacher-student relationships, and iwi involved in school planning.

• A number of schools have begun to turn negative statistics for Māori students around.
• They are analysing achievement data and responding to what it reveals.
• They are enquiring into the impact of their teaching practices and working to change teacher expectations.
• They are ensuring that learning contexts are relevant, authentic, culturally responsive, and supportive.
• They are listening to what iwi want for their school and their young people. From these conversations, relationships are being formalised and schools and whānau are working together on identified needs.

Programmes like Te Kotahitanga and resources like Te Mana are providing further focused support. As we make what we learn from these programmes more widely available, we are realising that what works well for Māori works well for everyone.

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Three key messages

The research team observing the 'early adopter' schools identified three key messages from the schools. They also encountered some anxieties about accountability or compliance.

They note that 'We know schools are asking "what do we have to do to show implementation by the due date?" It is okay to ask this question. It is also important to realise that there is no one right way to do [things], and you can't always wait for an answer.'

Both accountability and the bigger picture are important: 'People often begin with a focus on accountability. The challenge is to keep the learning journey going so that schools explore the deeper layers over time.'

Three key messages from the early adopter schools

1. Making connections: The parts of the curriculum all potentially interact with each other. It's important to explore these links when working out what implementation will look like for your students. Piecemeal interventions won't help you to manage necessary change or construct a coherent school curriculum. Building a more coherent school curriculum is one of the eight curriculum principles.
2. Continuous improvement: Implementation is a process and a journey, not a product and end point. Ongoing implementation links to the principles of learning to learn and future focus.
3. Change as a community endeavour: You can't take people with you if they don't understand where you are going and why. They won't come with you if you don't expect them to have something to contribute. The last message reflects the principles of whānau and community engagement and high expectations.

'We have moved on from looking a the key competencies as separate entities because the teachers have a good understanding of what they're on about - now they're [becoming] part of the learning experience; they're not something separate. The same [applies] with the values ... so we've gone from the principles, the values, the key competencies, to the learning statements, to actual planning and implementation of the curriculum. We are working very much now at integrating the two ends of the curriculum into actual learning experiences.'

Primary principal

'We are committed to creating an environment that doesn't burn staff out, but takes them forward. The next challenge is creating an environment for greater student voice and having students take a lead in our very diverse community. I think the directions are fine. We now need to take the time to bed this down...'

Secondary principal

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The tables below illustrate how a curriculum implementation focused on the key messages might evolve. The tables cover three important areas: pedagogy, school leadership, and school structures.

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What does ongoing implementation look like?

Here, in no particular order, are some indicators for each key message discussed earlier. Not all of these things would be happening in any one school at one time.

Making connections

1. The ideas in the curriculum are linked with an existing focus or recent professional learning, for example, inquiry learning, formative assessment, or Te Kotahitanga, or to professional learning, for example, in ICT, literacy, or numeracy.
2. Professional learning sessions support staff so that they can engage with the ideas in the curriculum and build a shared view.
3. Professional learning encourages teachers to challenge and debate assumptions and come to new understandings.
4. Teachers work in discussion groups with people they might not normally work with so they can draw on many different viewpoints.
5. Processes such as appraisal are aligned with curriculum implementation and help teachers to identify their own next learning steps.
6. Planning is dynamic and responsive. The needs and interests of students and the local community, including whānau and iwi, drive it. It takes account of wider school processes and structures, not just classroom programmes.

Continuous improvement

1. The school and/or department develop overarching policies and plans that set in place what is valued in the school. These larger policies and plans become a reference point for specific teaching, learning, and assessment plans and actions that meet the needs of different classes and students.
2. Schools make small changes, bed them in, and build on them.
3. Leaders sustain a strong focus on student learning and on developing a shared vision for how that learning will be achieved.
4. Leaders support risk taking in an environment based on trust and ongoing collaborative dialogue about effective practice.
5. Teachers are encouraged to think about themselves as learners and to reflect on their practices and the ways it might need to change.
6. Process for inquiring into classroom practice are based on knowledge about good practice and the evidence gathered by teachers.

Change as a community endeavour

1. The school community, including whānau and iwi, appreciates that curriculum implementation is a non-linear process with no end point. Teachers deepen their understandings, revisit previous implementation decisions, and improve things as they go.
2. Local schools work together to discuss the intent of the curriculum and the implications for their practice.
3. Leaders build up strong networks and connections with other teachers and with groups that provide professional and personal support.
4. Members of the school community, including whānau and iwi, are involved early in the process and stay engaged.
5. Everyone in the school is involved.
6. Students are actively involved in curriculum decision making and help to engage their families and whānau, for example, by talking to parents about the school vision.

'The best thing we did was not say, "We're finished", as different aspects of practice were reviewed. Staff now see constantly evolving approaches as a hallmark of educational practice.'

Primary principal

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Helpful resources

The New Zealand Curriculum Online
This site includes information relating to the two implementation packs distributed in each of 2008 and 2009.

Key competencies
Specific guidance on integrating the competencies into a school's daily activities and teaching programmes

Assessment Online
Research and readings, online workshops, tools and links, including links to asTTle (Assessment Tools for Teaching and Learning) and NEMP (the National Education Monitoring Project)

See also Consider the Evidence, which promotes evidence-driven decision making for secondary schools, and Directions for Assessment in New Zealand, an overview by Michael Absolum, Lester Flockton, John Hattie, Rosemary Hipkins, and Ian Reid.

Ka Hikitia

Te Kotahitanga

Shifting to 21st Century Thinking (archived)
Shifting thinking was an experimental project and process set up by a team within NZCER in 2009. Shifting Thinking included a blog that operated until 2015, and two NZCER conferences, in 2009 and 2012.

Education Northwest
An organisation representing groups in the North-west American states that offers useful ideas on eliciting student input.

Change learning
A Canadian perspective: 'Our world and our understanding of how humans learn and develop has changed drastically since public education was introduced, over 150 years ago. To effectively deal with the challenges of the 21st century, we must transform the way we understand and structure education in this country - rethinking the model based on up-to-date information and current world realities.'

Print

Key competencies: The Journey Begins includes a series of pamphlets for staff beginning to explore the role of key competencies in curriculum change. Two classroom posters (one primary, one secondary) each illustrate one specific aspect of thinking that might be taught. (These can be purchased separately.)

Key competencies: The Water Cycle: A Science Journey illustrates how key competencies might change the way a familiar primary science topic is taught. The student game in t his pack (an 'object to think with') could be used to explore possible learning changes in other contexts. (Tear-off pads of twenty games can be purchased separately.)

Key competencies: Exploring the Potential of Participating and Contributing includes a series of 'dilemma cards' to stimulate discussion about what counts as participating and contributing. The posters are designed to extend this discussion to include students.

Visit the NZCER website to view all publications.

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